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Free Math Study Group

Tangents through an external point
Geometry construction using a compass and straightedge
Step-by-step Instructions Printer friendly version

This construction assumes you are already familiar with Constructing the Perpendicular Bisector of a Line Segment.

After doing this Your work should look like this

We start with a given circle with center O, and a point P outside the circle.

Geometry construction with compass and straightedge or ruler or ruler
1.  Draw a straight line between the center O of the given circle and the given point P. Geometry construction with compass and straightedge or ruler or ruler

2.  Find the midpoint of this line by constructing the line's perpendicular bisector.

The midpoint may be inside or outside the circle, depending on the circle size and the location of the given point.

(See Constructing the Perpendicular Bisector of a Line Segment.)

Geometry construction with compass and straightedge or ruler or ruler
3.  Place the compass on the midpoint just constructed, and set it's width to the center O of the circle. Geometry construction with compass and straightedge or ruler or ruler
4.  Without changing the width, draw an arc across the circle in the two possible places. These are the contact points J, K for the tangents. Geometry construction with compass and straightedge or ruler or ruler
5.  Draw the two tangent lines from P through J and K. Geometry construction with compass and straightedge or ruler or ruler
6.  Done. The two lines just drawn are tangential to the given circle and pass through P. Geometry construction with compass and straightedge or ruler or ruler
Try it yourself
Click here for a printable tangents construction worksheet with some problems to try. When you get to the page, use the browser print command to print as many as you wish. The printed output is not copyright.

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