Perpendicular to a line from an external point
Geometry construction using a compass and straightedge
Step-by-step Instructions Printer friendly version
  After doing this Your work should look like this
  Start with a line and point R which is not on that line. Geometry construction with compass and straightedge or ruler or ruler or ruler
Step 1 Place the compass on the given external point R. Geometry construction with compass and straightedge or ruler or ruler or ruler
Step 2 Set the compass width to a approximately 50% more than the distance to the line. The exact width does not matter. Geometry construction with compass and straightedge or ruler or ruler or ruler
Step 3 Draw an arc across the line on each side of R, making sure not to adjust the compass width in between. Label these points P and Q Geometry construction with compass and straightedge or ruler or ruler or ruler
Step 4 At this point, you can adjust the compass width. Recommended: leave it as is.

From each point P,Q, draw an arc below the line so that the arcs cross.
Geometry construction with compass and straightedge or ruler or ruler or ruler
Step 5 Place a straightedge between R and the point where the arcs intersect. Draw the perpendicular line from R to the line, or beyond if you wish. Geometry construction with compass and straightedge or ruler or ruler or ruler
Step 6 Done. This line is perpendicular to the first line and passes through the point R. It also bisects the segment PQ (divides it into two equal parts) Geometry construction with compass and straightedge or ruler or ruler or ruler

Proof

This construction works by adding points that define a kite. Recall that the diagonals of a kite intersect at right angles. See Kite definition. The image below is the final drawing above with the red lines added.

  Argument Reason
1 Segment RP is congruent to RQ They were both drawn with the same compass width
2 Segment PS is congruent to QS They were both drawn with the same compass width
3 RPSQ is a kite A kite is a quadrilateral with two distinct pairs of equal adjacent sides.
4 RS is perpendicular to PQ The diagonals of a kite always intersect at right angles.
See Kite definition.

  - Q.E.D
Try it yourself
Click here for a printable construction worksheet containing two 'perpendiculars through a point' problems to try. When you get to the page, use the browser print command to print as many as you wish. The printed output is not copyright.

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